For this lab we will use the historic, county level data which is stored as an updating CSV at this URL:

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nytimes/covid-19-data/master/us-counties.csv

Question 1: Which Counties in California are Safe?

5 California Counties with Most Cumulative COVID Cases
Date County State FIPS Total Cases Total Deaths
2020-08-12 Los Angeles California 06037 214197 5109
2020-08-12 Riverside California 06065 44237 853
2020-08-12 Orange California 06059 41823 745
2020-08-12 San Bernardino California 06071 38467 555
2020-08-12 San Diego California 06073 33456 608
5 California Counties with Most New Daily COVID Cases
Date County State FIPS Total Cases Total Deaths New Cases
2020-08-12 Los Angeles California 06037 214197 5109 2389
2020-08-12 San Bernardino California 06071 38467 555 1100
2020-08-12 Riverside California 06065 44237 853 861
2020-08-12 Stanislaus California 06099 11592 182 737
2020-08-12 Alameda California 06001 14120 212 435
5 California Counties With the Most COVID Cases Per Capita
Date County State FIPS Cases Deaths Population Cases Per Capita
2020-08-12 Imperial California 06025 9919 251 181215 0.0547361
2020-08-12 Kings California 06031 5127 62 152940 0.0335230
2020-08-12 Kern California 06029 25179 183 900202 0.0279704
2020-08-12 Tulare California 06107 11643 205 466195 0.0249745
2020-08-12 Lassen California 06035 694 0 30573 0.0226998
5 California Counties With the Most New Daily COVID Cases Per Capita
Date County State FIPS Cases Deaths Population New Daily Cases New Daily Cases Per Capita
2020-08-12 Madera California 06039 2759 44 157327 296 0.0018814
2020-08-12 Stanislaus California 06099 11592 182 550660 737 0.0013384
2020-08-12 San Bernardino California 06071 38467 555 2180085 1100 0.0005046
2020-08-12 Merced California 06047 6224 74 277680 122 0.0004394
2020-08-12 Marin California 06041 5583 81 258826 112 0.0004327

Results

Total Number of Cases Per California County
Date County State FIPS Total Cases Total Deaths
2020-08-12 Los Angeles California 06037 214197 5109
2020-08-12 Riverside California 06065 44237 853
2020-08-12 Orange California 06059 41823 745
2020-08-12 San Bernardino California 06071 38467 555
2020-08-12 San Diego California 06073 33456 608
2020-08-12 Kern California 06029 25179 183
2020-08-12 Fresno California 06019 18344 191
2020-08-12 Alameda California 06001 14120 212
2020-08-12 San Joaquin California 06077 14026 239
2020-08-12 Santa Clara California 06085 13059 208
2020-08-12 Sacramento California 06067 12477 186
2020-08-12 Tulare California 06107 11643 205
2020-08-12 Stanislaus California 06099 11592 182
2020-08-12 Contra Costa California 06013 10103 149
2020-08-12 Imperial California 06025 9919 251
2020-08-12 Ventura California 06111 8953 93
2020-08-12 San Francisco California 06075 7837 67
2020-08-12 Santa Barbara California 06083 7083 73
2020-08-12 San Mateo California 06081 6535 122
2020-08-12 Merced California 06047 6224 74
2020-08-12 Monterey California 06053 5628 39
2020-08-12 Marin California 06041 5583 81
2020-08-12 Kings California 06031 5127 62
2020-08-12 Solano California 06095 4419 41
2020-08-12 Sonoma California 06097 3859 51
2020-08-12 Madera California 06039 2759 44
2020-08-12 Placer California 06061 2413 26
2020-08-12 San Luis Obispo California 06079 2300 17
2020-08-12 Yolo California 06113 1918 45
2020-08-12 Santa Cruz California 06087 1352 6
2020-08-12 Butte California 06007 1305 8
2020-08-12 Napa California 06055 1144 11
2020-08-12 Sutter California 06101 1041 7
2020-08-12 El Dorado California 06017 793 2
2020-08-12 San Benito California 06069 773 4
2020-08-12 Lassen California 06035 694 0
2020-08-12 Yuba California 06115 688 4
2020-08-12 Mendocino California 06045 489 10
2020-08-12 Shasta California 06089 476 10
2020-08-12 Colusa California 06011 397 5
2020-08-12 Glenn California 06021 380 3
2020-08-12 Nevada California 06057 358 1
2020-08-12 Humboldt California 06023 299 4
2020-08-12 Tehama California 06103 289 1
2020-08-12 Lake California 06033 243 2
2020-08-12 Amador California 06005 196 10
2020-08-12 Calaveras California 06009 161 1
2020-08-12 Mono California 06051 160 1
2020-08-12 Tuolumne California 06109 159 2
2020-08-12 Siskiyou California 06093 108 0
2020-08-12 Del Norte California 06015 104 0
2020-08-12 Inyo California 06027 97 3
2020-08-12 Mariposa California 06043 63 2
2020-08-12 Plumas California 06063 31 0
2020-08-12 Trinity California 06105 6 0
2020-08-12 Modoc California 06049 5 0
2020-08-12 Sierra California 06091 4 0
2020-08-12 Alpine California 06003 2 0
Total New Cases In Last 14 Days Per California County
County Total New Cases
Los Angeles 28325
Riverside 7269
San Bernardino 6779
Kern 6106
Orange 6045
San Diego 4725
Fresno 4032
Santa Clara 3328
Alameda 2922
Stanislaus 2847
Sacramento 2814
San Joaquin 2684
Contra Costa 2526
Tulare 2402
Merced 2159
Ventura 1792
San Francisco 1411
Monterey 1171
San Mateo 1137
Sonoma 1017
Kings 981
Solano 894
Santa Barbara 868
Madera 818
Marin 651
Imperial 621
Placer 591
San Luis Obispo 560
Yolo 424
Butte 398
Sutter 286
Napa 277
Santa Cruz 276
Yuba 223
Mendocino 190
El Dorado 180
San Benito 164
Shasta 116
Glenn 86
Colusa 85
Amador 83
Tehama 83
Humboldt 68
Nevada 65
Lassen 63
Lake 60
Calaveras 53
Inyo 53
Siskiyou 37
Tuolumne 25
Mono 19
Del Norte 16
Mariposa 10
Plumas 6
Modoc 3
Sierra 3
Trinity 1
Alpine 0
List of Safe Counties
County New Cases Per 100,000 People
Alpine 0.000000
Trinity 8.140008
Plumas 31.903015
Modoc 33.932813
Tuolumne 45.890084
Humboldt 50.163030
Del Norte 57.529124
Mariposa 58.129396
Shasta 64.415815
Nevada 65.159641
Siskiyou 84.981281
Lake 93.187960
El Dorado 93.340178
Sierra 99.833611 
## [1] "As of 8/13/2020, there are a total of 14 safe counties within the state of California that comply to the California Department of Public Health's criteria of having less than 100 new cases per 100,000 residents over the past 14 days"

Question 2: What Are The Impacts of Scale on Data Interpretation?

Scaling by population had a huge influence on the analysis of the data. If we look at the first graph, it appears that out of the four states, Louisiana has had the least number of new cases as well as the lowest seven day average. While this may be the case, the first graph does not show the entire story. If we look at the second graph it is clear that Louisiana has had the most new daily cases with respect to its population size. The first graph makes Louisiana look the best out of the four states while the second graph makes them look the worst.